A Predictive Oncology Company

BIOMARKER DATA

Biomarker

Cancer Type

Literature Cited

VEGF

Breast, Lung

Han, H., J.F. Silverman, et al. (2001). “Vascular endothelial growhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/Pth factor expression in stage-1 non-small cell lung cancer correlates with neoangiogenesis and a poor prognosis.” Annals of Surg Oncol. 8(1): 72-79.

Yang, S. X., S. M. Steinberg, et al. (2008). “Gene expression profile and angiogenic marker correlates of response to neoadjuvant bevacizumab (BV) followed by BV plus chemotherapy in breast cancer.” Clin Cancer Res. 14(18): 5893-5899.

PDGFRβ

Breast

Vlahovic, G., Z.N. Rabbani, et al. (2006). “Treatment with imatinib in NSCLC is associated with decrease of phosphorylated PDGFR-β and VEGF expression, decrease in interstitial fluid pressure and improvement of oxygenation.” Br J Cancer. 95(8): 1013-1019.

Paulsson, J., T. Sjoblom, et al. (2009). “Prognostic significance of stromal platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor expression in human breast cancer.” Am J Pathol. 175(1): 334-41.

Yang, S. X., S. M. Steinberg, et al. (2008). “Gene expression profile and angiogenic marker correlates of response to neoadjuvant bevacizumab (BV) followed by BV plus chemotherapy in breast cancer.” Clin Cancer Res. 14(18): 5893-5899.

CD31

Breast, Ovarian

Goodheart M.J., J.M.Ritchie, et al. (2005). “The relationship of molecular markers of p53 function and angiogenesis to prognosis of stage I epithelial ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 11(10): 3733-42.

Yang, S. X., S. M. Steinberg, et al. (2008). “Gene expression profile and angiogenic marker correlates of response to neoadjuvant bevacizumab (BV) followed by BV plus chemotherapy in breast cancer.” Clin Cancer Res. 14(18): 5893-5899.

ALK

Lung

Shaw, A., B. Yeap, et al. (2009). “Clinical features and outcome of patients with non-small cell lung cancer who harbor EML4-ALK.” Journal of Clinical Oncology. 27(26): 4247-4253.

Bang, Y., E.L. Kwak, et al. (2010). “Clinical activity of the oral ALK inhibitor PF-02341066 in ALK-positive patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).” Journal of Clinical Oncology. 28:18S – abstract 3.

EGFR

Lung

Lynch, T., D. Bell, et al. (2004). “Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non-small cell lung cancer to gefitinib.” New England Journal of Medicine. 350(21): 2129-2139.

Wu, J.Y., S.G. Wu, et al. (2008). “Lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor exon 20 mutations is associated with poor gefitinib treatment response.” Clinical Cancer Research. 14(15): 4877-4882.

Kobayashi, S., T. Boggon, et al. (2005). “EGFR mutation and resistance of non-small cell lung cancer to gefitinib.” New England Journal of Medicine. 352(8): 786-792.

Janne, P., J. Engelman, et al. (2005). “Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: Implications for treatment and tumor biology.” Journal of Clinical Oncology. 23(14): 3227-3234.

KRAS

Colon, Lung

Allegra, C., J. Jessup, et al. (2009). “American Society of Clinical Oncology provisional clinical opinion: Testing for KRAS gene mutations in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma to predict response to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody therapy.” Journal of Clinical Oncology. 27(12): 2091-2096.

Massarelli, E., M. Varella-Garcia, et al. (2007). “KRAS mutation is an important predictor of resistance to therapy with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer.” Clinical Cancer Research. 13(10): 2890-2896.

Lievre, A., J.B. Bachet, et al. (2006). “KRAS mutation is predictive of response to cetuximab therapy in colorectal cancer.” Cancer Research. 66(8): 3992-3995.

BRAF

Colon

Di Nicolantonio, F., M. Martini, et al. (2008). “Wild-type BRAF is required for response to panitumumab or cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer.” Journal of Clinical Oncology. 26: 5705-5712.

PI3K

Breast, Colon

Jhawer, M., S. Goel, et al. (2008). “PIK3CA mutation/PTEN expression status predicts response of colon cancer cells to the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor cetuximab.” Cancer Research. 68(6): 1953-1961.

Kato, S., S. Iida, et al. (2007). “PIK3CA mutation is predictive of poor survival in patients with colorectal cancer.” Int. J. Cancer. 121: 1771-1778.

Berns, K., H. Horlings, et al. (2007). “A functional genetic approach identifies the PI3K pathway as a major determinant of trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer.” Cancer Cell. 12:395-402.

HER2

Ovarian

Pils, D., A. Pinter, et al. (2007). “In ovarian cancer the prognostic influence of HER2/neu is not dependent on the CXCR4/SDF-I signaling pathway.” British Journal of Cancer. 96:485-491.

Wilken, J., K. Webster, et al. (2010). “Trastuzumab sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to EGFR-targeted therapeutics.” Journal of Ovarian Research. 3:7.

Camilleri-Broet, S., A.C. Hardy-Bessard, et al. (2004). “HER-2 overexpression is an independent marker of poor prognosis of advanced primary ovarian carcinoma: a multicenter study of the GINECO group.” Annals of Oncology. 15: 104-112.

PTEN

Colon, Endometrial

Salvesen, H., I. Stefansson, et al. (2002). “Loss of PTEN expression is associated with metastatic disease in patients with endometrial carcinoma.” American Cancer Society. 94(8): 2185-2191.

Terakawa, N., Y. Kanamori, et al. (2003). “Loss of PTEN expression followed by Akt phosphorylation is a poor prognostic factor for patients with endometrial cancer.” Endocrine-Related Cancer. 10: 203-208.

Loupakis, F., L. Pollina, et al. (2009). “PTEN expression and KRAS mutations on primary tumors and metastases in the prediction of benefit from cetuximab plus irinotecan for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.” Journal of Clinical Oncology. 27(16): 2622-2629.Frattini, M., P. Saletti, et al. (2007). “PTEN loss of expression predicts cetuximab efficacy in metastatic colorectal cancer patients.” British Journal of Cancer. 97: 1139-1145.

Perrone, F., A. Lampis, et al. (2009). “PI3KCA/PTEN deregulation contributes to impaired responses to cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer patients.” Annals of Oncology. 20: 84-90. Nagata, Y., K.H. Lan, et al. (2004). “PTEN activation contributes to tumor inhibition by trastuzumab, and loss of PTEN predicts trastuzumab resistance in patients.” Cancer Cell. 6: 117-127.

ERCC1

Lung, Ovarian

Steffensen, K., M. Waldstrom, et al. (2009). “The relationship of platinum resistance and ERCC1 protein expression in epithelial ovarian cancer.” International Journal of Gynecological Cancer. 19(5):820-825.

Weberpals, J., K. Garbuio, et al. (2008). “The DNA repair proteins BRCA1 and ERCC1 as predictive markers in sporadic ovarian cancer.” International Journal of Cancer. 124:806-815.

Olaussen K., A. Dunant, et al. (2006). “DNA repair by ERCC1 in non-small-cell lung cancer and cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy.” N Engl J Med 355(10): 983-991.

BRCA1

Ovarian

Weberpals, J., K. Garbuio, et al. (2008). “The DNA repair proteins BRCA1 and ERCC1 as predictive markers in sporadic ovarian cancer.” International Journal of Cancer. 124:806-815.

Quinn, J., C. James, et al. (2007). “BRCA1 mRNA expression levels predict for overall survival in ovarian cancer after chemotherapy.” Clinical Cancer Research 13(24): 7413-7420.

Swisher, E.M., R.M. Gonzalez, et al. (2009). “Methylation and protein expression of DNA repair genes: association with chemotherapy exposure and survival in sporadic ovarian and peritoneal carcinomas.” Mol Cancer. 14: 8(48).

Farmer, H., N.McCabe, et al. (2005). “Targeting the DNA repair defect in BRCA mutant cells as a therapeutic strategy.” Nature . 434(7035):917-921.

MSI Panel: MLH1/MSH2/MSH6/PMS2

Colon

Lanza, G., R. Gafa, et al. (2006). “Immunohistochemical test for MLH1 and MSH2 expression predicts clinical outcome in stage II and III colorectal cancer patients.” Journal of Clinical Oncology. 24(15): 2359-2367.

Ohrling, K., D. Edler, et al. (2007). “Immunohistochemical test for MLH1 and MSH 2 is an independent prognostic factor in sporadic colorectal cancer.” Journal of Clinical Oncology. 25(18S): 4126.

TS

Breast, Colon, Lung

Aschele, C., D. Debernardis, et al. (1999). “Immunohistochemical quantitation of thymidylate synthase expression in colorectal cancer metastases predicts for clinical outcome to flourouracil-based chemotherapy.” J Clin Oncol. 17(6):1760-1770.

Johnston, P. G., R. Mick, et al. (1997). “Thymidylate synthase expression and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with advanced head and neck cancer.” J Natl Cancer Inst 89(4): 308-313.

Wang, Z.K., Y. Hu et al. (2010). “Thymidylate synthase expression and therapeutic effect analysis of pemetrexed in advanced lung adenocarcinoma.” Journal of Southern Medical University. 30(5):978-80.

Scagliotti, G., N. Hanna, et al. (2009). “The differential efficacy of pemetrexed according to NSCLC histology: a review of two Phase III studies.” Oncologist. 14(3):252-263.

Yu, Z., J. Sun, et al. (2005). “Thymidylate synthase predicts for clinical outcome in invasive breast cancer.” Histology and Histopathology 20: 871-878.

Topo2α

Lung, Ovarian

Naniwa, J., J. Kigawa, et al. (2007). “Genetic diagnosis for chemosensitivity with drug-resistance genes in epithelial ovarian cancer.” International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer. 17: 76-82.

Dingemans, A-M. C., G. Giaccone, et al. (1999). “Expression of DNA topoisomerase IIα and topoisomerase IIβ genes predicts survival and response to chemotherapy in patients with small cell lung cancer.” Clin Cancer Res (5): 2048-2058.

Durbecq, V., M. Paesmans, et al. (2004). “Topoisomerase-IIα expression as a predictive marker in a population of advanced breast cancer patients randomly treated either with single-agent doxorubicin or single-agent docetaxel.” Mol Cancer Ther 3(10): 1207-1214.

ER

Breast

Yamashita, H., Y. Yando, et al. (2006). “Immunohistochemical evaluation of hormone receptor status for predicting response to endocrine therapy in metastatic breast cancer.” Breast Cancer 13(1): 74-83.

PR

Breast

Yamashita, H., Y. Yando, et al. (2006). “Immunohistochemical evaluation of hormone receptor status for predicting response to endocrine therapy in metastatic breast cancer.” Breast Cancer 13(1): 74-83.

P53

Breast

Tsao, M.S., S. Aviel-Ronen, et al. (2007). “Prognostic and predictive importance of p53 and RAS for adjuvant chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer.” Journal of Clinical Oncology 25(33): 5240-5247.

Ki-67

Breast, Colon, Lung

de Azambuja, E., F. Cardoso, et al. (2007). “Ki-67 as prognostic marker in early breast cancer: a meta-analysis of published studies involving 12 155 patients.” Br J Cancer. 96(10):1504-13.

Martin, B., M. Paesmans, et al. (2004). “Ki-67 expression and patient survival in lung cancer: systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis.” Br J Cancer. 91(12):2018-25.

Menezes, H. L., M. J. Juca et al. (2010). “Analysis of the immunohistochemical expressions of p53, bcl-2 and ki-67 in colorectal adenocarcinoma and their correlations with the prognostic factors.” Arq Gastroenterol. 47(2):141-7.